Pregnancy gingivitis is a common problem faced by women who are expecting. Their gums swell up and turn red, feel tender and also bleed when being flossed or brushed. Almost 50% of all pregnant women experience this problem. The level of higher progesterone in the body of the pregnant mother causes the gums to swell. There is excess blood supply during pregnancy all around the body, hence. There might also emerge a benign nodule on your gum which will bleed only when you brush, this nodule is seen only in pregnant woman and is called a pregnancy tumour, do not feel scared because this is not harmful or painful. They can appear anywhere on the body but most often they appear in the mouth. It should be gone once you have your baby but just in case it remains, you might have to get it surgically removed. You can also get it removed while you are pregnant if it causes too much of discomfort and unnecessary botheration.

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Amniotic fluid is one of the most important components of your body that helps support your nine month long pregnancy. Amniotic fluid is the fluid filled sac that surrounds your growing baby and performs many important functions. It helps to keep your baby from getting traumatized by any kind of shock as it acts like a soft cushion on all sides. It ensures that the umbilical cord does not get compressed thus reducing the flow of oxygen to the baby, amniotic fluid also helps to maintain a moderate temperature in the womb, it keeps the baby from contracting any kind of infection and it also give your growing baby space to move around so that his muscles and bones get enough of place to develop wholly. During the second trimester when you baby has learnt how to swallow, it will be swallowing this amniotic fluid as well. This swallowed fluid is then passed out through the digestive system of the baby. This in turn helps to maintain the optimum level of amniotic fluid in the sac, the swallowing helps your baby to practice breathing and this cycle of swallowing and excreting the amniotic fluid ensures that the supply of amniotic fluid around the baby is constantly fresh.

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Cholestasis of Pregnancy:

During the alter stages of pregnancy, some women begin to feel very very itchy. This is probably the result of cholestatis, a disorder of the liver that occurs only during pregnancy called as Cholestasis of Pregnancy. In this case of cholestatis, the usual flow of bile in the gall bladder is affected by a high dose of pregnancy hormones. Cholestatis is most prevalent during the last trimester when the pregnancy hormones are functioning at their peak but they should be gone very soon after your delivery. Cholestatis of pregnancy affects the functioning of the gallbladder which is why the flow of bile is restricted when this occurs. Bile is mandatory for the breaking down of fat in the digested food. When the flow of bile is restricted due to cholestatis, the bile acids may build up and flow into the blood stream which quite naturally is not very healthy.

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The meaning of the word ectopic is out of place. Thus when an signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy occurs, it implies that the fertilized egg gets planted elsewhere beyond the uterus. In 95% of the ectopic pregnancy cases, the egg settles in the fallopian tube. The other name for ectopic pregnancy is tubal pregnancy. Ovary, abdomen and cervix are the few other places an ectopic pregnancy can take place in. The unfortunate thing is that none of these other places have either as much space or as much tissue to help support the development of a fetus. Hence as the baby grows bigger, there are chances that the organ holding it will burst when it fails to carry the weight or pressure of the baby. This can cause much bleeding and can also pose threat the mother’s life. In most cases, a case of ectopic pregnancy does get terminated before the baby is allowed to grow very big.

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Placenta previa is a complication experienced by pregnant women where the placenta gets attached to the wall of the uterus covering the cervix area. It usually occurs in the second and third trimester though it is possible that in some cases it might begin to show even in the first trimester. No definite cause has been found that leads to placenta previa. But, it has been seen that an abnormal vascularisation, scarring from a previous injury or an infection that was experienced earlier might lead to a placenta previa. In the third or the last trimester of pregnancy, the isthmus of the uterus unfolds and forms the lower part. If you are experiencing a normal pregnancy, the placenta would not lie over the isthmus hence you would experience no bleeding. However as is the case in placenta previa, when the placenta does lie over the isthmus, it may shear off causing some bleeding.

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When the placenta is attached abnormally deep through the endometrium into the middle layer of the uterine wall, the condition is referred to as placenta accreta. Placenta accreta can be of three kinds and this depends completely on the depth of penetration. Under normal conditions, the placenta accrete is supposed to detach itself naturally from the uterine wall but there are women who experience placenta accreta while giving birth to their child and are thus at a great risk of going through a hemorrhage while the placenta will be removed surgically. Surgery is the usual method adopted for the process of removal of the placenta as well as to control the bleeding. In severe cases of placenta accreta, the situation can lead to a hysterectomy or even be fatal. It is not a very common complication and affects only 1 out of 2500 pregnancies.

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When a premature separation takes place between the placenta and its implanted embryo in the uterus, a placental abruption is understood to have taken place. The blood vessels inside the placenta carry nutrients and oxygen to the child from the mother. If the placenta starts to get detached during pregnancy, then bleeding from these vessels take place. The greater the detachment, the greater is the bleeding. 1 out of every 120 births experiences a placental abruption. It is also known as abruption placenta. A placental abruption takes place if the uterus meets with a direct trauma like in the case of an accident. But other causes which might lead to a placental abruption are unknown. However conditions like previous pregnancy with placental abruption, hypertension, excessive smoking and multiple pregnancies are associated with placental abruption.

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treatment of Molar pregancy:

A molar pregnancy is a kind of a gestational trophoblastic ailment. The mol can be either complete or partial. It is a very rare complication with only 1/1000 cases detected in the United States and 1/2000 cases detected in the Continent. However it is slightly more common in Southeast Asia and Mexico. It is still not known why a molar pregnancy occurs but nutritional deficiency like the lack of protein and carotene and ovular defects are usually associated with molar pregnancy.

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Cervical Incompetancy:

Cervical incompetence refers to a kind of cervix that is not strong enough to stay closed during a pregnancy, thus giving birth to premature babies and in most occasions the baby dies as it does not get enough of gestational time to develop. Cervical Incompetancy is understood that due to cervical incompetence about 20 to 25% of all pregnancies get terminated in the second trimester itself. This incompetence can surface from as early as the second trimester to as later as the third trimester. There is no definite time of its surfacing. The treatment of an incompetent cervix can either be manual or ultrasonographic. Ultrasonography is used when the cervical opening is more than 2.5 cm or the length has reduced to less than 20 mm. sometimes when the internal part of the cervix has begun to efface, funneling is also used to treat an incompetent cervix. The external opening is usually safe when the diagnosis takes place in time. The reasons that make the chances of a woman suffering from an incompetent cervix are cervical trauma, DES exposure, hormonal imbalances, forced D & C, uterine anomalies and congenitally short cervixes.

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Hypotension implies an abnormally low level of blood pressure. This is more of a physiological state than a disease. Many a times shock leads to hypotension though shock is not necessarily indicative of hypotension. Hypotension can be fatal and is generally understood to be the opposite of hypertension which refers to abnormally high levels of blood pressure. A huge network of nerves, receptors, hormones which constitute the autonomic nervous system help to constantly regulate the blood pressure. The sympathetic nervous system tends to heighten the blood pressure while the parasympathetic nervous system does just the opposite. The rapid balancing helps the human body to maintain a certain accepted blood pressure over a wide range of normal activities and in many disease states.

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