Placenta previa is a complication experienced by pregnant women where the placenta gets attached to the wall of the uterus covering the cervix area. It usually occurs in the second and third trimester though it is possible that in some cases it might begin to show even in the first trimester. No definite cause has been found that leads to placenta previa. But, it has been seen that an abnormal vascularisation, scarring from a previous injury or an infection that was experienced earlier might lead to a placenta previa. In the third or the last trimester of pregnancy, the isthmus of the uterus unfolds and forms the lower part. If you are experiencing a normal pregnancy, the placenta would not lie over the isthmus hence you would experience no bleeding. However as is the case in placenta previa, when the placenta does lie over the isthmus, it may shear off causing some bleeding.

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When the placenta is attached abnormally deep through the endometrium into the middle layer of the uterine wall, the condition is referred to as placenta accreta. Placenta accreta can be of three kinds and this depends completely on the depth of penetration. Under normal conditions, the placenta accrete is supposed to detach itself naturally from the uterine wall but there are women who experience placenta accreta while giving birth to their child and are thus at a great risk of going through a hemorrhage while the placenta will be removed surgically. Surgery is the usual method adopted for the process of removal of the placenta as well as to control the bleeding. In severe cases of placenta accreta, the situation can lead to a hysterectomy or even be fatal. It is not a very common complication and affects only 1 out of 2500 pregnancies.

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When a premature separation takes place between the placenta and its implanted embryo in the uterus, a placental abruption is understood to have taken place. The blood vessels inside the placenta carry nutrients and oxygen to the child from the mother. If the placenta starts to get detached during pregnancy, then bleeding from these vessels take place. The greater the detachment, the greater is the bleeding. 1 out of every 120 births experiences a placental abruption. It is also known as abruption placenta. A placental abruption takes place if the uterus meets with a direct trauma like in the case of an accident. But other causes which might lead to a placental abruption are unknown. However conditions like previous pregnancy with placental abruption, hypertension, excessive smoking and multiple pregnancies are associated with placental abruption.

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treatment of Molar pregancy:

A molar pregnancy is a kind of a gestational trophoblastic ailment. The mol can be either complete or partial. It is a very rare complication with only 1/1000 cases detected in the United States and 1/2000 cases detected in the Continent. However it is slightly more common in Southeast Asia and Mexico. It is still not known why a molar pregnancy occurs but nutritional deficiency like the lack of protein and carotene and ovular defects are usually associated with molar pregnancy.

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Cervical Incompetancy:

Cervical incompetence refers to a kind of cervix that is not strong enough to stay closed during a pregnancy, thus giving birth to premature babies and in most occasions the baby dies as it does not get enough of gestational time to develop. Cervical Incompetancy is understood that due to cervical incompetence about 20 to 25% of all pregnancies get terminated in the second trimester itself. This incompetence can surface from as early as the second trimester to as later as the third trimester. There is no definite time of its surfacing. The treatment of an incompetent cervix can either be manual or ultrasonographic. Ultrasonography is used when the cervical opening is more than 2.5 cm or the length has reduced to less than 20 mm. sometimes when the internal part of the cervix has begun to efface, funneling is also used to treat an incompetent cervix. The external opening is usually safe when the diagnosis takes place in time. The reasons that make the chances of a woman suffering from an incompetent cervix are cervical trauma, DES exposure, hormonal imbalances, forced D & C, uterine anomalies and congenitally short cervixes.

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Hypotension implies an abnormally low level of blood pressure. This is more of a physiological state than a disease. Many a times shock leads to hypotension though shock is not necessarily indicative of hypotension. Hypotension can be fatal and is generally understood to be the opposite of hypertension which refers to abnormally high levels of blood pressure. A huge network of nerves, receptors, hormones which constitute the autonomic nervous system help to constantly regulate the blood pressure. The sympathetic nervous system tends to heighten the blood pressure while the parasympathetic nervous system does just the opposite. The rapid balancing helps the human body to maintain a certain accepted blood pressure over a wide range of normal activities and in many disease states.

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Hyperemesis gravidarum is a Greek term meaning excessive vomiting in the case of pregnant women. This is a very aggravated version of the usual morning sickness experienced by most pregnant women! hyperemesis gravidarum is not a very common pregnancy complication but since vomiting and nausea stay quite continuously throughout pregnancy, it is not easy to diagnose the difference between common morning sickness and hyperemesis gravidarum. 0.3% to 2% pregnant women stand chances of experiencing hyperemesis gravidarum.

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Tubal pregnancy can be defined as a form of pregnancy that takes place when a fertilized egg also called an embryo implants itself on any other tissue inside the mother’s uterus other than the endometrial lining of the uterus. The chances of an tubal pregnancy are definitely rare but not miniscule. Even though 95% of pregnant women experience normal pregnancies, there are another 1.5% women who are listed as abdominal, 0.5% who are listed as ovarian and 0.03% who are listed as experiencing cervical pregnancies. Even though not all women who are experiencing tubal pregnancy are found to be in a fatal condition, but 1 out of every 2000 tubal pregnancy cases in the United States can be such an instance. About 40 to 50 pregnant women die due to having experienced an tubal pregnancy each year in the United States. However the rate has dropped considerably from the 1970s such as to apply that now lesser women would die from having an tubal pregnancy as was the case in the 1970s. There are some factors that seem to be risky for tubal pregnancies.

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