Endometrial cancer: When the endometrial cells undergo unusual changes like rapid growth and division into multiple cancerous cells then this cancer occurs. Endometrial cancer is referred as malignant cancer because it spreads to other parts of the body. Endometruim is a soft tissue lies in the inner lining of the uterus which is present in the woman’s pelvic region.
Endometrial cancer is a combination of several diseases with different types of causes, symptoms and treatments. This Cancer exists in two main types, endometrial adenocarcinomas and uterine sarcomas in which abnormal growth of cells is common in all of them. Cells are the basic unit of life. They grow and divide into more cells when the body requires them. These cells forms the tissues and then organs, they are the building blocks of the body system. If there is an abnormal growth and division of cells without any controlling limit, then it results in forming tumor (excess tissue) in the body.
Tumors are of two types, they are as follows:
•Benign tumor
•Malignant tumor
Benign tumor: This tumor is not cancerous. They can be treated easily. They don’t spread to other parts of the body.
Malignant tumor: This tumor is cancerous, they causes damage to the adjacent organs by spreading the cancer cells at high rate. The cells in this tumor invade the distant organs and forms new tumors through blood flow or by lymphatic system. The new tumor has the same characteristic features of the primary tumor. For example, if the endometrial cancer spreads to the lungs, the cancer cells in the lungs are actually belonging to the endometrial cancer cells. Then this disease is called as metastatic endometrial cancer.
Causes of Endometrial cancer: The exact causes for this cancer were not found but the risk factors for this endometrial cancer are identified. Here is the list of risk factors.
Risk factors for endometrial cancer:
• No pregnancy: Lack of pregnancy in woman can have 2 to 3 times of higher risk in facing endometrial cancer that pregnant woman.
• Obesity: Woman who weight more than 50 pounds have 10 times of higher risk in facing endometrial cancer.
• Early puberty: Women who faces early puberty before 12 years of age have more risk factors for endometrial cancer.
• Late menopause: woman who goes for menopause after 50 years of age have more chances of causing endometrial cancer.
• Family history: Family history also can be factor in causing endometrial cancer. So please be sure in taking screening tests for diagnosing of endometrial cancer.
• High estrogen level: Women who intakes high level of unopposed estrogens will increase the risk factor of causing endometrial cancer.
• Using of breast cancer drugs: Tamoxifen is a kind of anti-cancer drug mostly useful in curing breast cancer. If the usage of this drug is in excess mode, then there will be increase in chances of having endometrial cancer.
• Cancers like ovary and colon increases the risk factors of having endometrial cancer.
Endometrial cancer symptoms and signs:
• Abnormal bleeding of vagina
• Weight loss
• Pelvic pain
• Swelling in pelvic pain
These are the symptoms found during the developing stage of the endometrial cancer. If these symptoms persist for longer duration then consult the doctor for taking screening test for diagnosing the severity of the disease.
Treatment for endometrial cancer:
Treatment for endometrial cancer depends on the stage of the cancer. If the cancer is found to be in the initial stage then surgery can be useful in removing the uterus and cervix part. The staging of cancer is identified by screening the fallopian tubes and ovaries. Mainly for the cancer detection in the endometruim, the lymph nodes are removed and tested for presence of cancer.
The treatment process of endometruim cancer is defined by following stages:
•Stage 1: if the tumor invades only the first or second inner lining wall of the endometruim without attacking lymph nodes, then it is considered as first stage of cancer.
•Stage2: if the mesorectum attacked by the tumor but without attacking the lymph nodes, then this is termed as second stage of cancer.
•Stage3: If the lymph nodes are attacked by the tumor, then it is termed as third stage.
•Stage4: If the cancer cells spread through out the body, then it is termed as the last stage.
Surgery: Surgery is the main therapy for the curing of endometrial cancer in the early stage. This surgery process is carried by identifying the first staging of the endometrial cancer. Surgery is carried to remove the endometrial cancer tumor. Surgery will be taken place only if the endometrial tumor located in only one part of the body. During the surgery process the damaged lymph nodes are also removed along with the tumor. During surgery the entire endometruim or part of it will be removed if necessary. During some cases, the major portion of other infected organs will be removed for avoiding spreading of the disease throughout the body.
Radiotherapy: This treatment is based on the extent of the disease. This treatment process can be given during II, III, and IV stage of the cancer. Radiotherapy is a process of removing cancer cells by using high intensity x-rays. These high energy x-rays are aimed at the endometrial tumor to destroy the cancer cells .This process also causes damage to the normal cells for its side effects. There are two types of radiotherapy treatments they are.
•External radiations: External radiation process is carried out from outside the body. The powerful x-ray beams are aimed at the effected area from outside the body to destroy the cancer causing cells permanently.
•Internal radiations: X-ray beams are passed into the body by making some small incisions in the endometruim area. This treatment gives better results than the external radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is one of the treatments useful in killing endometruim cancer causing cells by the usage of drugs. This treatment process is carried by either pills or through intravascular injections. The anti-cancer drug enters into the bloodstream and travels towards the damaged tissues and destroys the cancer cells.
Chemotherapeutic drugs attacks the endometruim cancer cells by stopping their unusual growth. The nature of this endometruim cancer cells were brought to the normal condition by controlling the divisibility of the cells. This cancer chemotherapy drug can be given at either clinic or at home. The usage of this drug can be daily, weekly or monthly depending on the stage of the cancer and body immune system. Chemotherapy treatment is given by considering the following basis like age, gender, drug toxicity and body weight. The dosage and usability should be carried under proper supervision due to its side effects.
Hormone therapy: Hormonal therapy can be useful to cure and control the endometruim cancer cells from growth. Hormonal therapy process changes the level of endometruim hormones in the body and blocks the hormones from affecting from cancer cells.
Endometrial cancer occurs due to unusual growth of endometruim cells. This cancer is referred as metastatic cancer for its effects and causes. This cancer also causes ovary and colon cancer. This cancer can be cured only in the early stage of its occurrence. Endometrial cancer has many risk factors .Surgery and radiation therapy are the best treatment methods for curing this cancer.
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