What is Bone cancer: Bone cancer is caused due to the abnormality of the cells which make .Bone cancer occurs in the bone cells, these cells are the building blocks of bones. Generally bone cells divide and multiply when the body requires them. During this process old cells are replaced by new one and old one gets die, this is the life cycle of the bone cells. If the life cycle of the bone cells goes wrong then there will be unusual growth in the cells and forms mass tissues which are called as tumors. Tumors are of two types, they are as follows:
• Benign tumor
• Malignant tumor
Benign tumor: This tumor is not cancerous. They can be treated easily. They don’t spread to other parts of the body.
Malignant tumor: This tumor is cancerous, they causes damage to the adjacent organs by spreading the cancer cells at high rate. The cells in this tumor invade the distant organs and forms new tumors through blood flow or by lymphatic system.
Around 3000 diagnosed cases were related to bone cancer. This bone cancer occur mostly in children and teenagers and in adults, this bone cancer occurs in fewer rates. Metastatic cancer is mostly found in old people.
Bone cancer mainly occurs due to the metastatic cancer in the body. It is mainly caused due to spreading of lung, prostate, kidney and thyroid cancer. Most of the time, cancer in bone is caused by metastatic spreading nature. It is very rare to have true bone cancer, the cancer which starts in the cells that builds the bone.
Bone cancer can spread through out the body they can spread to liver or lungs. The nearby lymph nodes will be affected by the cancer cells. Spreading of cancer cells is termed as metastasizes. If the liver is affected by the Bone cancer cells then the disease is called as metastatic Bone cancer, not liver cancer.
Bone cancer is classified into different types :
• Osteosarcoma: This type of cancer is referred as malignant bone cancer (cancerous tumor).Most of the time, it effects in males between 10 to 20 years of age. Generally this bone cancer occurs in legs and arms. This bone cancer spreads to the lungs very aggressively with increase in risk factors.
•Ewings’s sarcoma: This tumor is not aggressive because it grows slowly .It affects younger children between 4 to 15 years of age. It occurs in long bones of legs and arms. The spreading nature of this disease is very slow.
•Chondrosarcoma: This cancer disease is second leading bone cancer that accounts for about 30 percents of all malignant bone cancers. This cancer is very aggressive and grows slowly. This bone cancer occurs in the cartilage cells. This bone cancer occurs in the cartilage cells and can spread to lymph nodes and lungs. The bones of the pelvis and hips are effectively damaged by this chondrosarcoma. This cancer is commonly found in aged people who are over 40 years of age.
•Malignant fibrous histiocytoma: This cancer is very aggressive. It damages the tissue muscles, tendons and ligaments. it is commonly found in aged people who are over 55 years of age. The severity of this cancer has a wide range.
•Fibrosarcoma: This cancer is very aggressive. It damages the tissue muscles of leg and knee. It is commonly found in aged people who are over 30 years of age. The severity of this cancer has a wide range. It occurs commonly in males than females.
• Chordoma: This cancer is very rare in occurrence. It damages the tissue muscles of spinal column. It is commonly found in aged people who are over 30 years of age. The severity of this cancer has a wide range. It occurs commonly in males than females.
Causes of Bone cancer: there are no exact causes for the occurrence of bone cancer, but the risk factors are identified.
Risk factors for bone cancer:
•Weak immune system:
•Previous cancer history:
•Metastatic characteristics:
Symptoms of Bone cancer:
•Pain in the affected region
•Weak bones
•Fever
•Chills
•Night sweats
•Loss of weight
Treatment for Bone cancer: Before starting the treatment process, determination of bone cancer is important. It is important to know whether this cancer is from another site or from the cells of bone. The treatment procedure for metastatic bone cancer will be carried on the initial type of cancer.
Generally for every cancer treatment following factors are considered like age, health condition and the stage of the cancer. By considering these factors treatment is carried. The best way to treat Bone cancer is by surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Surgery: Surgery is the most common method carried to remove the Bone tumor including the surrounding parts of it. Surgery can be carried in the early stages of the tumor occurrence. Surgery is taken place only if the cancer is located in only one part of the body. During the surgery process the damaged bone tissues are also removed along with the tumor. This surgery process depends on the location, area and size of the tumor. Most of the time, the bone is also removed along with the tumor to avoid spreading and reoccurrence. Some times amputations are used to remove to remove the bone cancer from large bones. During the removal process of small bones, the surgeon places bone cement or bone graft in that area and large bone grafts are replaced during the removal of large bones and even metal implants are also used in replacing the damaged bones.
Radiotherapy: This treatment is based on the extent of the bone cancer disease. Radiotherapy is a process of removing bone cancer cells by using high intensity x-rays. These high energy x-rays are aimed at the bone tumor to destroy the cancer cells .This process also causes damage to the normal bone cells for its side effects. There are two types of radiotherapy treatments they are.
•External radiations: External radiation process is carried out from outside the body. The powerful x-ray beams are aimed at the effected area from outside the body and destroys the bone cancer causing cells permanently
•Internal radiations: High intensity X-ray beams are passed into the body by making some small incisions in the bone area. This treatment gives better results than the external radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is one of the treatment methods useful in killing cancer causing cells by the usage of drugs. This treatment process is carried by either pills or through intravascular injections. The anti-cancer drug enters into the bloodstream and travels towards the damaged bone tissues and destroys the cancer cells.
Chemotherapeutic drugs attacks the bone cancer cells by stopping their unusual growth. The nature of the cancer cells were brought to the normal condition by controlling the divisibility of the cells. These drugs are carried in the bloodstream to kill destroy all the cancer cells within short period of time.
This cancer chemotherapy drug can be given at either clinic or at home. The usage of this drug can be daily, weekly or monthly depending on the stage of the cancer and body immune system. Chemotherapy treatment is given by considering the following basis like age, gender, drug toxicity and body weight. The dosage and usability should be carried under proper supervision
Bone cancer is the most common type of cancer occurs in children and teenagers. There are different types of bone cancer in which many of them were malignant tumors. Pain is the common type of symptom found in all types of bone cancer. Treatment process for all types of bone cancer involves surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
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